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Pascual Vila

Frontend Instructor // Code Syllabus

Common Pitfalls & Errors

The Error //

Exposing the raw Node process directly on port 80/443 on a VPS instead of behind a reverse proxy

// Wrong: Node directly exposed to the internet
app.listen(443); // no SSL termination, no buffering, no protection

// Correct: Node listens internally, Nginx handles the public port
app.listen(3000); // internal only
// nginx.conf: proxy_pass http://localhost:3000;

The Solution //

Running node server.js directly bound to the public-facing port skips SSL termination, request buffering, and basic attack filtering that a reverse proxy like Nginx provides, and a single slow or malicious client can tie up your single-threaded event loop with no protective layer in front of it. Always put Nginx (or Caddy) in front of Node, handling HTTPS and forwarding clean traffic to Node on an internal port.

The Error //

Running node server.js directly in a VPS terminal session instead of under a process manager

// Wrong: dies when the terminal closes or the app crashes
node server.js

// Correct: supervised, auto-restarting process
pm2 start server.js --name "my-api"
pm2 startup   # restart PM2 itself on server reboot
pm2 save

The Solution //

A bare `node server.js` process dies the moment the SSH session closes or the app throws an uncaught exception, taking the entire API offline until someone notices and manually restarts it. Run the app under PM2 (or systemd) so it's automatically restarted on crash and automatically relaunched if the server itself reboots.